Following endocytosis, the HoloTC complex is degraded in lysosomes and free B12 is released into the cytoplasm, via CblF (Rutsch et al., 2009) and CblJ ( This free cytoplasmic B12 undergoes a series of intracellular transport and modifications to enable two core enzymatic reactions: 1) adenosyl-B12 acts as a co-factor for the enzyme methylmalonyl-coA mutase that catalyzes the conversion of methylmalonyl-coA to succinyl-coA, thereby enabling restoration of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and 2) methyl-B12 enables methionine synthase in the re-methylation of homocysteine to methionine using methyl-tetrahydrofolate (MTHF) as a methyl donor, thereby enabling the vital biochemical pathways of the folate cycle and methionine cycle, facilitating the downstream synthesis of important compounds like DNA and RNA (Figure 2)
Laboratory investigations primarily focus on its influence over fibroblast activity, collagen type I synthesis, and the physiological signaling pathways within isolated follicle cell cultures
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Once youve found the dosage that does not cause these symptoms, your body will get used to the supplement and you wont have to deal with these side effects
This hypothesis was tested using the ex vivo model of whole blood culture collected from patients with moderate or severe forms of COVID-19 and healthy controls
