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Mood changes, including low mood and anxiety

IEB Intestinal epithelial barrier GI Gastrointestinal TJs tight junctions IBS irritable bowel syndrome IBD inflammatory bowel diseases MUC2 mucin 2 AJs adherens junctions JAM-A junctional adhesion molecule-A ZO zonula occludens CD celiac disease NCGS non-celiac gluten sensitivity PAR-2 Proteinase-activated receptor 2 SCFAs short-chain fatty acids TLRs Toll-like receptors FGIDs Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders HLAs human leucocyte antigens GFD gluten-free diet UC ulcerative colitis

a 2020 study found caprylic acid was enough to disrupt Malassezia furfur cell membrane, with a caprylic acid derivative damaging membrane structures at concentrations as low as 0.2%

Semin Vasc Med 5 : 163171 Homocysteine Studies Collaboration 2002 Homocysteine and risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke: a meta-analysis

Both -3 and -6 PUFA are essential components of phospholipid membranes and precursors of inflammatory mediators with opposing effects: -6 PUFA promote inflammation while -3 PUFA tend to inhibit it