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The deletions of these genes result in the absence of functional respiratory chain complexes III and IV, respectively

Furthermore, selenium deficiency also downregulated proinflammatory arachidonic acid downstream lipid mediator leukotriene B4 (LTB 4 ) production in caprine neutrophils, another arachidonic acidderived ALOX product that promotes neutrophil chemotaxis [35]

Metagenomic analyses of IBD patients have revealed downregulation of genes involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, coupled with upregulation of genes associated with oxidative stress responses

Vdac regulation: a mitochondrial target to stop cell proliferation

4.3 HIV co-infection and antiretroviral therapy HIV-positive individuals are at increased risk of parkinsonism due to basal ganglia vulnerability to viral neurotoxicity, chronic inflammation, and mitochondrial stress (Denaro et al., 2022