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Increased infarct size and exacerbated apoptosis in the glutathione peroxidase-1 (Gpx-1) knockout mouse brain in response to ischemia/reperfusion injury

(PubMed) US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements

Assouly KK, Dullaart MJ, Stokroos RJ, van Dijk B, Stegeman I, Smit AL

Unlike oral supplements that pass through your digestive system, IM injections provide nearly 100% bioavailability, meaning your body can use almost all of the nutrients immediately

This phenomenon, known as reperfusion injury, involves the oxidation of cellular components, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the activation of inflammatory pathways [91, 92]