Cancer cells exhibit heightened metabolic activity, resulting in elevated ROS levels compared to normal tissues, which drives persistent oxidative stress (Moloney and Cotter, 2018)
doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.03.003
Studies have confirmed that 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 can significantly reduce the expression of Ki-67 and PCNA, inhibit cell migration, decrease the expression of collagen I/III, downregulate pro-fibrotic genes such as fibronectin and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), upregulate anti-fibrotic genes such as TGF- 3, and increase the ratios of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1 and MMP9/TIMP1 by regulating the ERK and TGF- /Smad pathways ( Persistent infiltration of inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes, in scar tissue releases IL-6, IL-1, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), which further stimulate fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis, forming an inflammation-fibrosis vicious cycle
Leukemia (2015) 29(11):214353
PABA and its derivatives have been used as an anti-reactive oxygen species as active ingredients in sunscreens to provide UVB protection (182)