glutathione detoxification mechanism The ascorbate–glutathione cycle coming of age Frontiers | Research progress of

Heavy metals are a group of elements characterized by their high atomic weight (ranging from 63.5 to 200.6) and a density exceeding 4000 kg/m (Jomova et al., 2022)

GSH is converted to its oxidized form (GSSG) by donating its electrons to neutralize free radicals

doi: 10.1038/nm.4289 46 BakerRLRihanekMHohensteinACNakayamaMMichelsAGottliebPAet al

(2) molecular dynamics simulated annealing restraining FOXO4 FH (without flexible regions) harmonically to its template structure (using a non-crystallographic force constant of 10,000 kcal mol 1 2 ), with additional dihedral angle restraints from 1 H, 15 N, and 13 C chemical shifts using TALOS-N 56 , hydrogen bond restraints (region p53 residues 48-55

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