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5.1.2 Enhancement of gut and bloodbrain barrier integrity Recent studies have shown that a vicious cycle of inflammation and oxidative stress is created at the renal level by the influx of uremic toxins and urea into the gastrointestinal lumen via the enterohepatic cycle, which exerts a selective pressure that encourages the excessive growth of bacterial species that produce urease, uricase, indole, and p-cresol-forming enzymes with a reduction in SCFAs-producing species (Vaziri et al., 2013

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10.1016/j.nurt.2010.07.005 Neurotherapeutics 190 ZhangS

Biochimie 135, 3545

After just 3 treatments, patients have seen a reduction in pigmentation