l carnitine l tartrate available since 1901 L-Carnitine (tartrate)

(168) reported that supplementing 0.2 mg/kg of Se and 250 mg/kg of vitamin E reduced the expression of HSP60 , HSP70, and HSP90 in the breast muscle of heat-stressed chickens

[PubMed: 8174721] 299

LC is a scavenger of free radicals upregulates antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, thus protects the RBCs from oxidative stress.[] In addition, L-carnitine was proved to play a role in hemopoiesis and reduce the need to erythropoietin

It's also the same price $49.99 for 30 servings, which works out to roughly $1.67 per scoop putting it on the higher end compared to many pre-workouts on the market

To rehydrate, add 1/2 cup of cool or warm water per 1 cup of Zignature Freeze-Dried