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Science (2020) 368(6487):eaaw5473

Sleep disturbance in bipolar disorder: neuroglia and circadian rhythms

After injection of 12 h, the rats exhibited pathological symptoms in their ankle joints, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain

5.3 Extracellular vesicles Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles released by cells under both normal and abnormal conditions, playing a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication

Our findings suggest that irisin activates the SIRT1 signaling pathway, which is not exclusive to dopaminergic neurons and may also modulate glial function, as evidenced by reduced microglial activation