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Nutrients 15(17)

It is expected to become the seventh leading cause of death worldwide by 2030 (7, 8)

69,70 In contrast, T-cells both from humans who misuse alcohol and from chronic ethanol-fed rodents exhibited a reduced ability to proliferate and could not be rescued by the addition of IL-2

For example, Pediococcus pentosaceus ZJUAF-4 and other Lactobacillus can improve the composition of gut microbiota while activating Nrf2, thereby significantly reducing ROS produced by oxidative stress ( The above studies suggest that different types of antioxidants and probiotics, through regulating oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and the expression of tight junction proteins, work together to protect and repair the gut barrier

demonstrated that ZIP14 might be involved in iron deposition and trigger ferroptosis in DKD rats, and inhibition of ZIP14 expression in HK-2 cells could suppress high glucose-induced ferroptosis[145]