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When IDO-1 is activated, it negatively impacts cellular energy metabolism by catalyzing the conversion of tryptophan into kynurenine, leading to tryptophan depletion

Subsequent transfer of the acetyl group to coenzyme A (CoA) forms the central metabolite acetyl-CoA

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Addiction There is an abundance of literature implicating glutamatergic abnormalities in addiction.47,48 More recently, data are emerging suggesting a role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of addiction to drugs of abuse.32,4951 Research has explored the modulation of glutamatergic pathways by NAC in pre-clinical models.52,53 N -acetylcysteine has been shown to reverse the decline in cystineglutamate exchange through the cystineglutamate antiporter and thereby assist in the restoration of glutamatergic pathways in addiction.32,52 These properties have made it a potential prospect for the treatment of addiction