vulvar labial melanotic macules Clinical and Dermoscopic Features of Melanosis Over the Last 20 Years Clinician's Update on the Benign,

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Based on estimates by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), it has been estimated that about 32,000 individuals were carriers of AMS and familial melanoma in the United States in 1985, while about 4 million had sporadic AMS.3,21 Genetics AMS can be sporadic or hereditary, in which case autosomal dominant inheritance is suggested with variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance.22 To date, no susceptibility gene has been identified for this syndrome.22 However, there are reports of associations between development of AMS and changes in chromosomes 9p21 and 1p36.23 It was demonstrated that the presence of dysplastic nevi increases the risk of melanoma in patients with germline mutations in CDKN2A, the main genomic locus of melanoma susceptibility.24,25 This genomic locus harbors two important genes involved in cell cycle control, senescence and apoptosis: p16 and p14ARF

Balancing acts: molecular control of mammalian iron metabolism