glutathione and cyti synthesis in cytosol compartimentalization in Role of Glutathione in detoxification

Immunogenicity represents an additional concern that unmethylated CpG-rich mtDNA can activate TLR9 and cGASSTING pathways, while differences in mitochondrial membrane proteins may trigger phagocytic clearance or adaptive immune responses, potentially amplifying inflammation or tissue injury, especially in immune-dysregulated or tumor-associated environments [579, 580]

This review comprehensively discusses the sources and mechanisms of ROS generation, the associated pathophysiology of diseases, and the role of both endogenous and exogenous antioxidants in mitigating oxidative stress

BMC Cancer 20 , 574 (2020)

Turati F, Pelucchi C, Guercio V, Vecchia CL, Galeone C

Immune mechanisms in medium and large-vessel vasculitis