non-selenium glutathione peroxidase Selenium and Selenoproteins: Mechanisms, Health

Sedlak et al

157 An NAFLD mouse model induced by a high-fat, high-sugar diet for 6 months exhibits hypercholesterolemia, glucose intolerance, and hyperinsulinemia, accompanied by severe hepatic macro- and microvesicular steatosis and human-like pericellular fibrosis, along with hepatic stellate cell activation, CD68 + macrophage infiltration, and elevated hepatic pro-inflammatory factors p65-NF-B, IL-6, and TNF- protein levels

This interruption of melanocyte-to-keratinocyte melanin transfer disrupts visible pigment deposition at the epidermal surface

Upon binding to insulin receptors, this hormone triggers glucose uptake by cells and regulates metabolic processes

Endoplasmic reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stands as one of the most extensive membrane-bound organelles, undertaking a diverse range of functions that include protein and lipid synthesis, folding, calcium storage and release, ER maturation, and protein secretory pathways (Schwarz and Blower, 2016)